The Control of the Spatial and Temporal Differential Evolution of Boundary Faults on Faulted Basins     

Yuhu Liu  Chunhui Cao  Ruilei Li  Jianfeng Zhu  Wen Xu  Lan Huang  Ying Luan 《地球科学进展》2020,35(1):79-87

The boundary faults of faulted basins generally have segmental growth characteristics. Quantitative analysis of fault growth processes and combined models is of great significance for basin formation and evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking the Fulongquan fault depression in the southern part of the Songliao Basin as an example, using the 3D seismic data and using the fault-displacement length analysis method, the segmental growth and evolution process of the boundary fault is systematically studied, and the control effect of the spatial and temporal differential evolution of boundary faults on faulted basins is analyzed. The study shows that the segmental growth control of the boundary fault of Fulongquan fault depression forms a series of semi-mantle shoals; the sedimentary center of the Shahezi-Yingcheng fault is controlled to migrate from south to north; The slanting and thrusting activities control the height of the anticline trap; the transformation of the boundary fault property controls the evolution of the basin's tectonic pattern from the tandem semi-mantle to the faulted anticline.  相似文献   

Normal fault growth influenced by basement fabrics: The importance of preferential nucleation from pre‐existing structures     

Luca Collanega  Katherine Siuda  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  Rebecca E. Bell  Alexander J. Coleman  Antje Lenhart  Craig Magee  Anna Breda 《Basin Research》2019,31(4):659-687

Reactivation of pre‐existing intra‐basement structures can influence the evolution of rift basins, yet the detailed kinematic relationship between these structures and overlying rift‐related faults remains poorly understood. Understanding the kinematic as well as geometric relationship between intra‐basement structures and rift‐related fault networks is important, with the extension direction in many rifted provinces typically thought to lie normal to fault strike. We here investigate this problem using a borehole‐constrained, 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand. Excellent imaging of intra‐basement structures and a relatively weakly deformed, stratigraphically simple sedimentary cover allow us to: (a) identify a range of interaction styles between intra‐basement structures and overlying, Plio‐Pleistocene rift‐related normal faults; and (b) examine the cover fault kinematics associated with each interaction style. Some of the normal faults parallel and are physically connected to intra‐basement reflections, which are interpreted as mylonitic reverse faults formed during Mesozoic subduction and basement terrane accretion. These geometric relationships indicate pre‐existing intra‐basement structures locally controlled the position and attitude of Plio‐Pleistocene rift‐related normal faults. However, through detailed 3D kinematic analysis of selected normal faults, we show that: (a) normal faults only nucleated above intra‐basement structures that experienced late Miocene compressional reactivation, (b) despite playing an important role during subsequent rifting, intra‐basement structures have not been significantly extensionally reactivated, and (c) preferential nucleation and propagation of normal faults within late Miocene reverse faults and folds appears to be the key genetic relationship between contractionally reactivated intra‐basement structures and rift‐related normal faults. Our analysis shows that km‐scale, intra‐basement structures can control the nucleation and development of newly formed, rift‐related normal faults, most likely due to a local perturbation of the regional stress field. Because of this, simply inverting fault strike for causal extension direction may be incorrect, especially in provinces where pre‐existing, intra‐basement structures occur. We also show that a detailed kinematic analysis is key to deciphering the temporal as well as simply the spatial or geometric relationship between structures developed at multiple structural levels.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南缘8.5 ka以来的黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制          下载免费PDF全文

吕爽  韩文霞  张涛  韩凤清  卢胜城  马学海  张志高 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3053-3066

黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标，其中磁化率应用最为广泛，并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展，其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区，磁化率的变化机制仍不明确，导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究，利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示，羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制，同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka），载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主，磁化率值整体较高；阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka），亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位，但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多，磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性，符合"风速论"模式；阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系，而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系，暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解，也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石雨鑫  谢玲玲  郑全安  张书文  李明明  李君益 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):62-75

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.  相似文献   

黄土高原沟谷地貌发育演化研究进展与展望     

熊礼阳  汤国安 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):816-826

黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表达法、监测模拟法力图实现对黄土沟谷发育演化进程中“过去-现代-未来”的科学认知。这些研究在相当程度上丰富了黄土沟谷发育过程的认知。本文梳理了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化相关研究的现状,并从黄土高原地貌演化、黄土沟谷发育、基于DEM的沟谷信息提取与表达等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。此外,本文提出“黄土沟道剖面群组”概念与方法,试图从新的视角审视黄土沟谷地貌发育演化过程。沟道剖面在黄土沟谷发育演化进程中传递物质能量和累积地形动力,并通过径流节点的串联实现剖面群的连接与组合,形成独特的剖面“群组”模式;该沟道剖面群组是集黄土沟谷地貌特征与过程于一体的综合信息集成体,其三维空间结构是对黄土沟谷地貌发育演化的高度抽象与映射,并可望进一步丰富黄土高原数字地形分析理论与方法体系,为黄土高原黄土地貌成因机理与空间分异格局带来创新的认识。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块周缘垂直形变场负位错反演与应变积累研究     

张希  刘立炜  郝明  白卓立 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):551-556

利用鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘1970～2014年的垂直形变速率场资料，借助负位错反演研究该区域长期应变积累。结果表明，地块东北缘山西断陷带中北段年均能量积累增量、剪应力强度都较高，西南缘六盘山断裂与渭河断裂西段次之；山西断陷带中南段至晋陕交界处年均剪应力强度较高且显示一定程度的能量积累；西秦岭构造区尤其西秦岭北缘断裂西段、晋冀蒙交界区也反映一定程度的能量积累特性。  相似文献   

联合BDS/GPS的北斗广域差分实时电离层延迟格网改正方法研究     

房成贺  陈俊平  兰孝奇  张磊 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):169-177

研究并实现中国区域北斗广域差分实时电离层延迟格网改正算法，针对北斗单系统实时建立电离层延迟格网的不足，提出联合BDS/GPS的北斗广域差分实时电离层延迟改正方法。比较BDS、GPS以及BDS/GPS观测的实时电离层延迟格网，并利用北斗单频单点伪距定位进行精度验证。结果表明，在有效格网点覆盖充足的地区，BDS与GPS实时电离层延迟格网定位效果相当；而联合BDS/GPS观测的实时电离层延迟格网极大提高了偏远地区的单频定位精度与可定位历元数，也使原本单系统格网覆盖充足的地区定位效果得到进一步增强和稳定。  相似文献   

碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘博  陈琳琳  李宝泉  侯西勇  冯光海  李晓炜  李秉钧  王玉珏 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):74-82

近年来，稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而，生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分，在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一，以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物，比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示，对于大多数底栖动物而言，采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者，需分析其食性和营养级时，应统一采用肌肉组织，如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉，蟹类的鳌足肌肉，鱼类的背部肌肉；当底栖动物作为被摄食者，需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时，除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外，其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外），如贝类的软体部，蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。  相似文献   

关于确保甘肃省祁连山生态保护红线落地并严守的科技支撑建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宝  王涛  王勤花  王鹏龙  徐冰鑫  高峰 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):7-11

祁连山是中国西部重要生态安全屏障，是国家重点生态功能区，其生态保护与治理一直受到国家、地方政府和当地居民高度关注。目前，在祁连山的生态保护工作中，缺乏对现状基础数据的全面掌握，区域经济发展与生态环境保护矛盾突出，生态环境综合监测系统不完备，生态补偿机制推进实施缺乏创新。在全面梳理祁连山目前存在的重大生态问题的基础上，提出了祁连山生态保护红线落地并严守的建议，包括加快开展祁连山综合科学考察、完善并落实开展生态补偿机制、探索以正面清单为导向的协调发展模式、促进生态安全与地方经济社会可持续发展相协调、进一步实施重大配套政策、完善保障支撑体系等。  相似文献   

Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China’s Tourism Industry     

FENG Ling  CHEN Da  GAO Shan  WANG Yongzhi  TANG Chengcai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):94-103

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.  相似文献